Solar Water Heater
We are blessed with solar energy in abundance at no cost. The solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth can be conveniently used for the benefit of human society. One of the popular devices that harness solar energy is the solar water heater.
A solar water heater includes a collector that collects Solar Energy and an insulated storage tank that stores hot water. The solar energy falling on the absorber panel, which has a special coating, heats the riser pipes underneath the absorber panel.
Water passes through the risers, heats up, and flows into the storage tank. As the same water recirculates through the absorber panel, the temperature can reach up to 80 degrees Celsius on a sunny day. The entire system, which includes the solar collector, storage tank, and pipelines, is known as a solar water heater.
Solar water heaters offer many benefits. Some of them include:
1. They do not consume even a single unit of electricity. In contrast, electrical water geysers consume a lot of electricity and increase expenses.
2. These heaters use the sun’s solar energy, a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy.
3. Installing a solar water heater on the roof enhances property value, adds an aesthetic appeal, and encourages a sustainable lifestyle for future generations.
4. The maintenance cost over a lifetime is significantly lower compared to electric geysers.
5. The insulated water tank stores hot or warm water for 2-3 days. This feature is useful during rainy days or power cuts. In contrast, electric geysers need to heat water every 5 to 7 hours before use.
6. Solar water heaters generally come with a warranty of 5 to 10 years. Electric geysers usually have a warranty of only around 2 years.
Based on collector system, Solar Water Heaters can be of two types:
Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC)
Evacuated Tube Collectors consist of double-layer borosilicate glass tubes with insulation. The outer wall of the inner tube has a selective absorbing material that absorbs solar radiation and transfers the heat to the water flowing through the inner tube.
Flat Plate Collectors (FPC)
Flat Plate Collectors absorb solar radiation using an insulated outer metallic box covered with a glass sheet on the top. Inside the box are blackened metallic absorber sheets with built-in channels or riser tubes for water flow. The absorber captures solar radiation and transfers heat to the water.
Experience and market analysis from mature Solar Water Heater regions such as Bangalore, Maharashtra, Delhi, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Pondicherry suggest the following top 5 solar water heaters:
Top 5 ETC Solar Water Heater Brands:
| Rank 1 | Supreme Solar |
| Rank 2 | Bosch Solar |
| Rank 3 | Sudarshan Saur Shakti |
| Rank 4 | RedSun |
| Rank 5 | V-Guard |
Top 5 FPC Solar Water Heater Brands:
| Rank 1 | Bosch Solar |
| Rank 2 | Supreme Solar |
| Rank 3 | Emmvee Solarizer |
| Rank 4 | Honeywell |
| Rank 5 | Sunlit Solar |
Many customers find it difficult to choose between the two types of solar water heaters. Evacuated tube collectors are rapidly becoming the preferred option over flat plate systems.
Key features of ETC-type water heaters:
- They capture more sunlight due to a greater surface area exposed at any time.
- Their heat transfer efficiency can reach up to 163%, as demonstrated in Australian conditions.
- They perform well in subzero temperatures.
- If a tube breaks, it can be replaced easily and at a low cost.
- Their performance remains strong even under overcast conditions.
- They require less roof space compared to flat plate collectors.
- Corrosion problems are less common in ETC systems than in flat plate collectors.
Graphical Comparison:
As we can see from the graph that ETC based solar water heaters are more efficient as compared to FPC. In Winter ETC have 104% more efficiency then FPC and in summer ETC have 50.5% more efficiency then FPC.
Comparison between Solar Water Heater and Electric Geysers on different aspects:
1. Fuel Savings: A 100 litres capacity SWH can replace an electric geyser for residential use and saves
1500 units of electricity annually.
2. Avoided utility cost on generation: The use of 1000 Solar Water Heater of 100 liters capacity each can contribute to a peak load shaving of 1 MW.
3. Environmental Benefits: A Solar Water Heater of 100 liters capacity can prevent the emission of 1.5 tonnes of carbon-dioxide per year.
4. Life: 15-20 years
5. Payback Period: 3-4 years when electricity is replaced, 4-5 years when furnace oil is replaced, 5-6 years when coal is replaced.
The Solar Water heaters come in many sizes/capacity from 100 LPD to 1000LPD where LPD stands for Litre per day. By assuming 40-50 litre average usage each person each day in winter seasons so to decide which capacity of Solar Water Heater is their requirement.
From this, we conclude by saying
1. The solar water heater is more efficient than conventional electric geysers.
2. ETC based solar water heaters are better than FPC based on every aspect.
3. Supreme Solar water heaters are best among others brands in India.
4. Initial charges are high in Solar water heater compared to geysers but can be payback in 3-4 years.
There are many platforms where you can find this product online. Solarclue is the best platform where can grab these amazing solar products at a much cheaper rate compared to other platforms in the market. Solarclue also gives shipping charges free for their customers and it can deliver all over the country.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How does a solar water heater work?
A solar water heater works by capturing solar energy through collectors, which then heat the water flowing through riser tubes or evacuated tubes. The heated water is stored in an insulated tank for later use.
2. What are the advantages of using an ETC solar water heater?
ETC solar water heaters are more efficient, work in colder climates, have easily replaceable tubes, and require less roof space compared to FPC models.
3. Is a solar water heater suitable for all weather conditions?
Yes, especially ETC models, which perform well even in overcast conditions and subzero temperatures.
4. How much electricity can a solar water heater save annually?
A 100-liter solar water heater can save approximately 1500 units of electricity per year.
5. What is the typical lifespan and payback period for a solar water heater?
The typical lifespan is 15–20 years, with a payback period of 3–4 years when replacing electricity-based systems.
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It’s impressive how they utilize abundant, free solar energy, making them eco-friendly and cost-effective. The comparison with electric geysers, especially in terms of electricity consumption and maintenance costs, underscores the practical advantages of solar water heaters. The breakdown of collector types provides a clear understanding of their functionality. I appreciate the detailed ranking criteria for the top 5 solar water heaters, drawing on experience from established markets. Additionally, it would be interesting to explore how a boiler upgrade could complement solar water heaters, enhancing overall efficiency and sustainability.