air pollution

Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air that can adversely affect human health, ecosystems, and the environment. It is primarily caused by human activities such as industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, agricultural practices, and burning fossil fuels for energy production.

Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) are common pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. These pollutants can have immediate health impacts, such as respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and exacerbation of asthma. Long-term exposure to this has been linked to chronic health conditions like lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease.

This also damages ecosystems by affecting plant growth, soil quality, and water bodies through acid rain deposition. It contributes to climate change by emitting greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), which trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to global warming.

Efforts to reduce air pollution include regulations, technology advancements, and transitions to cleaner energy sources like renewables and electric vehicles. Policies limit industrial and vehicle emissions, while awareness campaigns encourage carpooling and energy-efficient practices.

Monitoring air quality via sensors and satellites informs decision-making. Collaboration among governments, industries, and communities is vital to mitigate air pollution and safeguard public health and the environment.